Manganese is predominantly stored in the bones (approximately 20mg), Smaller amounts can be found in the liver, kidney, and pancreas.

Plays an essential role in:

• aids in the formation of connective tissue, bones, blood-clotting factors (In conjunction with vitamin K), and sex hormones.
  
  
• in fat and carbohydrate metabolism.
  
  
• calcium absorption,

• blood sugar regulation.

• is necessary for normal brain and nerve function.

• is necessary for normal bone growth and the metabolism of amino acids.

• Cofactor in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, for optimal functioning of one of the body’s most important antioxidant enzymes

• manganese might be helpful for those with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis as well as individuals with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). However, evidence substantiating these benefits is inconclusive.

• Manganese supplementation, in combination with calcium, zinc, and copper, has shown some efficacy in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Manganese ascorbate, in combination with glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate, was helpful when used in connection with knee osteoarthritis pain in a recent randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study.

Manganese deficiency

Symptoms of manganese deficiency maybe skeletal abnormalities, such as loss of muscle coordination, sprains, strains, and weak ligaments.

Optimal Manganese intake

No recommendation.

Click here for Manganese RDA  table

Manganese Forms
Manganese aspartate, arginate, citrate, chloride, gluconate, glycinate, picolinate, and sulfate.