Cobalamin is the generic name of vitamin B12 because it contains the heavy metal cobalt, which gives this water-soluble vitamin its red color. Vitamin B12 is an essential growth factor and plays a role in the metabolism of cells, especially those of the gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow, and nervous tissue.

Plays an essential role in:

• Similar to all B-complex vitamins, vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin required for normal cell activity, DNA replication, and the synthesis of the mood-influencing substance SAMe.
• Involved in various aspects of protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism.

• Required for the synthesis of myelin, the insulation around nerves. It plays a major role in the functioning and maintenance of the nervous system.

• Necessary for the maturation of red blood cells.
  

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Vitamin B12 deficiency may result negative in hematological, neurological, and gastrointestinal conditions. The hematological systems and signs of B12 deficiency include a decrease in red blood cell count, skin discolorations, decreased energy, fatigue, shortness of breath, and palpitations. Severe B12 deficiency can also result in anemia.

Click here for Vitamin B12 RDA  table

Vitamin B12 Forms
Cyanocobalamin and methylcobalamin